Which type of breathing indicates a patient might be in respiratory distress?

Shallow or rapid breathing is a strong indicator that a patient might be experiencing respiratory distress. This type of breathing is often a physiological response to insufficient oxygen intake or difficulty in ventilating adequately. When a person's respiratory rate increases—becoming rapid—the body is attempting to compensate for reduced oxygen levels or to expel excess carbon dioxide. Additionally, shallow breathing may suggest that the patient is struggling to take in a full breath, which can occur in various medical emergencies like asthma attacks, pneumonia, or even anxiety.

In contrast, slow and deep breathing can suggest a relaxed state, normal and steady breathing indicates that the respiratory system is functioning well, and irregular or gasping breaths often signal significant distress. Each of these other patterns do not typically reflect the urgent need for medical attention that shallow or rapid breathing does. Understanding these nuances helps responders quickly assess a patient's respiratory status and decide on the appropriate intervention.